Agronomy Intelligence

Crop Care & Irrigation Encyclopedia

Comprehensive moisture thresholds, critical irrigation stages, and pest remedies for Indian crops.

Smart Soil Irrigation Calculator

Calculate precise watering duration based on crop growth phase & soil heat

Wheat

(गेहूं (Gehun))

Cereals

Sowing: Rabi (Oct - Dec) • Duration: 110 - 130 days

Ideal Moisture

45% - 65%

Ideal Temp

15°C - 25°C

Critical Growth Stages & Irrigation Guide

Crown Root Initiation (CRI)

20-25 days

Most critical stage for irrigation. Water stress here reduces tillering drastically.

Target Soil Moisture:55-65%

Tillering Stage

40-45 days

Maintain light soil moisture to encourage healthy shoots.

Target Soil Moisture:50-60%

Late Jointing Stage

60-65 days

Irrigate to support stem elongation and nutrient uptake.

Target Soil Moisture:50-60%

Flowering & Grain Filling

80-105 days

Critical for grain weight. Avoid waterlogging during windy days to prevent lodging.

Target Soil Moisture:45-55%

Common Crop Diseases

Yellow Rust (Puccinia striiformis)
Loose Smut
Karnal Bunt
Powdery Mildew

Agronomist Best Practices

Apply first irrigation strictly at 21 days after sowing (CRI stage).
Use Zinc Sulphate (25 kg/ha) in deficient soil for better root health.
Stop irrigation 10-15 days before harvest to allow grains to harden.

Paddy / Rice

(धान (Dhaan))

Cereals

Sowing: Kharif (June - July) • Duration: 120 - 150 days

Ideal Moisture

70% - 90%

Ideal Temp

22°C - 35°C

Cotton

(कपास (Kapaas))

Cash Crops

Sowing: Kharif (April - May) • Duration: 150 - 180 days

Ideal Moisture

40% - 60%

Ideal Temp

21°C - 32°C

Sugarcane

(गन्ना (Ganna))

Cash Crops

Sowing: Spring / Autumn • Duration: 300 - 365 days

Ideal Moisture

60% - 80%

Ideal Temp

20°C - 35°C

Tomato

(टमाटर (Tamatar))

Vegetables

Sowing: Year-round (Aug-Nov, Jan-Feb) • Duration: 90 - 120 days

Ideal Moisture

50% - 70%

Ideal Temp

18°C - 27°C

Potato

(आलू (Aloo))

Vegetables

Sowing: Rabi (Oct - Nov) • Duration: 90 - 110 days

Ideal Moisture

60% - 75%

Ideal Temp

15°C - 20°C

Maize / Corn

(मक्का (Makka))

Cereals

Sowing: Kharif & Rabi • Duration: 90 - 110 days

Ideal Moisture

50% - 70%

Ideal Temp

20°C - 30°C

Mustard / Rapeseed

(सरसों (Sarson))

Oilseeds

Sowing: Rabi (Sept - Oct) • Duration: 105 - 130 days

Ideal Moisture

35% - 55%

Ideal Temp

10°C - 25°C

Chilli / Capsicum

(मिर्च (Mirch))

Vegetables

Sowing: June-July, Oct-Nov • Duration: 120 - 160 days

Ideal Moisture

45% - 65%

Ideal Temp

20°C - 30°C

Onion

(प्याज (Pyaaz))

Vegetables

Sowing: Kharif, Late Kharif & Rabi • Duration: 120 - 150 days

Ideal Moisture

55% - 70%

Ideal Temp

13°C - 24°C